kinematic

kinematic

Kinematic Wave equation

Qnew = kinematic(ldd, Qold, q, alpha, beta, nrTimeSlices, dT, dX)

ldd

spatial ldd

Qold

spatial, non spatial scalar

q

spatial, non spatial scalar

alpha

spatial, non spatial scalar

beta

spatial, non spatial scalar

nrTimeSlices

spatial, non spatial ordinal

dT

non spatial scalar

dX

spatial, non spatial scalar

Qnew

spatial scalar

Operation

The objective of this operator is to solve the kinematic wave. The kinematic wave equations are (from Chow):

dQ/dX + dA/dT = q

and

A = alpha * Q**beta

combined into:

dQ/dX + alpha*beta*Q**(beta-1) * dQ/dT = q

Q	streamflow through channel [m3/sec]
dQ	delta Q
q	inflow into the channel segment (cell) [m3/channellength/sec]
dT	timestep used in the model [sec]
dX	channel length through cell [m]
alpha	coefficient
beta	coefficient

The objective is to solve the equations for Qnew at each point in the map, given the channel parameters alpha and beta, the lateral inflow q and the initial conditions Qold. For each cell calculates the accumulated amount of material that flows out of the cell into its neighbouring downstream cell. This accumulated amount is the amount of material in the cell itself plus the amount of material in upstream cells of the cell.

The total set of equations is solved in an iterative process for nrTimeSlices iterations. The nrTimeSlices argument can be defined per catchment. For each cachment the nrTimeSlices value used is defined at its pit position. nrTimeSlices values at non pit positions are discarded.

Unlike the accuflux-family of functions this function allows for streamflow calculations in those situations where the average travel time through a cell is within the magnitude of the model time step.

Notes

This is an experimental implementation of the numerical solutions of the kinematic wave equations. The stability and accuracy of the equations can not be gauranteed under all circumstances.

The kinematic-operations uses (unlike other pcraster commands) defined units for the calculations. Whereas other pcraster commands can operate with any consistent system of units, the kinematic-operation explicitly needs its input parameters in (cubic) meters and seconds, and the result is in qubic meters per second. This explains the explicit use of dX and dT in the interface of the operator.

Additional sediment flux based on the channel flow calculated with this operator can be obtained by the code shown in example 1 below.

Group

This operation belongs to the group of Neighbourhood operators; local drain directions

See Also

Transport of material over a ldd

Examples

1. • pcrcalc

   binding

   Qnew = Qnew.map;

   Ldd = Ldd.map;

   Material = Material.map;

   initial

   report Qnew = kinematic(Ldd,Material,0,1.5,0.6,1,15,10);

   
   

   • python

   Ldd = readmap(“Ldd.map”)

   Material = readmap(“Material.map”)

   Qnew = kinematic(Ldd,Material,0,1.5,0.6,1,15,10)

   Qnew.map	Ldd.map	Material.map